Package betaper

Documentation for the R-package "betaper

5120 Formaciones montanas de Cytisus purgans.

Descripción de las bases ecológicas prelimminares para la conservación del tipo de hábitat de interés comunitario 5120 Formaciones montanas de Cytisus purgans, de acuerdo con el siguiente esquema: 1. PRESENTACIÓN GENERAL 7 1.1. Código y nombre 7 1.2. Descripción 7 1.3. Problemas de interpretación 7 1.4. Esquema sintaxonómico 8 1.5. Distribución geográfica 10 2. CARACTERIZACIÓN ECOLÓGICA 15 2.1. Regiones naturales 15 2.2. Factores biofísicos de control 16 2.3. Subtipos 16 2.4. Especies de los anexos II, IV y V 17 2.5. Exigencias ecológicas 18 3. EVALUACIÓN DEL ESTADO DE CONSERVACIÓN 21 3.1. Determinación y seguimiento de la superficie ocupada 21 3.2. Identificación y evaluación de las especies típicas 24 3.3. Evaluación de la estructura y función 24 3.3.1. Factores, variables y/o índices 24 3.3.2. Protocolo para determinar el estado de conservación 26 global de la estructura y función 3.3.3. Protocolo para establecer un sistema de vigilancia 27 global del estado de conservación de la estructura y función 3.4. Evaluación de las perspectivas de futuro 28 3.5. Evaluación del conjunto del estado de conservación 28 4. RECOMENDACIONES PARA LA CONSERVACIÓN 29 5. INFOR MACIÓN COMPLEMENTARIA 31 5.1. Bienes y servicios 31 5.2. Líneas prioritarias de investigación 32 6. BIBLIOGRAFÍA CIENTÍFICA DE REFERENCIA 33 7. FOTO GRAFÍAS 37 Anexo 1: Información complementaria sobre especies 41 Anexo 2: Información edafológica complementaria 4

Introdución al análisis de datos mapeados o algunas de las (muchas) cosas que puedo hacer si tengo coordenadas

El análisis más común de los patrones espaciales de puntos consiste en un test de aleatoriedad a todas las escalas. Como la aleatoriedad suele ser la excepción más que la regla en la naturaleza, debe continuarse con la modelización del proceso espacial que es capaz de generarlo. En el caso de patrones marcados pueden testarse diferentes hipótesis relativas a la asociación espacial de las diferentes marcas: independencia, etiquetado aleatorio, ausencia de correlación entre marcas, gradiente en el valor de las marcas, etc

Improving the Presentation of Results of Logistic Regression with R

Some methods and R fiunctions to improve the presentation of results of logistic regressio

A phytosociological survey of the boreal forest (Vaccinio-Piceetea) in North America

A survey of syntaxa of vegetation of North American boreal forests (class Vaccinio-Piceetea) is presented. This phytosociological survey, carried out combining the Braun-Blanquet method with numerical syntaxonomical analyses (cluster and correspondence analysis), describes the associations of the North American boreal forests, which have several species, varieties or vicariant species in common with their Eurasian counterparts, and can be placed in the class Vaccinio-Piceetea. By means of tabular and multivariate analyses, 2084 North American relevés were compared with 3273 relevés from European, Japanese and Korean boreal forest, to describe and typify 4 orders, 10 alliances and 37 associations. Diagnostic tables, ordination, clustering, and climatic, edaphic and biogeographical data were used to show floristic affinities among these syntaxa and interpret their distribution areas. Syntaxa were briefly characterized by their floristic composition, physiognomy, succession, zonation, and biogeographical distribution

1510 Estepas salinas mediterráneas (Limonietalia) (*)

Descripción de las bases ecológicas prelimminares para la conservación del tipo de hábitat de interés comunitario 1510 Estepas salinas mediterráneas (Limonietalia) (*), de acuerdo con el siguiente esquema: 1. PRESENTACIÓN GENERAL 7 1.1. Código y nombre 7 1.2. Descripción 7 1.3. Problemas de interpretación 8 1.4. Esquema sintaxonómico 9 1.5. Distribución geográfica 14 2. CARACTERIZACIÓN ECOLÓGICA 19 2.1. Regiones naturales 19 2.2. Factores biofísicos de control 20 2.3. Subtipos 22 2.4. Especies de los anexos II, IV y V 22 2.5. Exigencias ecológicas 22 3. EVALUACIÓN DEL ESTADO DE CONSERVACIÓN 25 3.1. Determinación y seguimiento de la superficie ocupada 25 3.2. Identificación y evaluación de las especies típicas 26 3.3. Evaluación de la estructura y funciones 29 3.3.1. Factores, variables y/o índices 29 3.3.2. Protocolo para determinar el estado de conservación global de la estructura y funciones 30 3.3.3. Protocolo para establecer un sistema de vigilancia global del estado de conservación de la estructura y funciones 30 3.4. Evaluación de las perspectivas de futuro 31 3.5. Evaluación del conjunto del estado de conservación 32 4. RECOMENDACIONES PARA LA CONSERVACIÓN 33 5. INFOR MACIÓN COMPLEMENTARIA 35 5.1. Bienes y servicios 35 5.2. Líneas prioritarias de investigación 35 6. BIBLIOGRAFÍA CIENTÍFICA DE REFERENCIA 37 7. FOTO GRAFÍAS 41 Anexo 1: Información complementaria sobre especies 49 Anexo 2: Información edafológica complementaria 64 ÍNDIC

II Reunión del grupo de trabajo de ecología espacial de la AEET

Reseña de la II Reuinión del grupo de trabajo de ecología espacial de la Asociación Española de Ecología Terrestr

Package ecespa

Documentation for the R-package "ecespa

A method to incorporate the effect of taxonomic uncertainty on multivariate analyses of ecological data

Researchers in ecology commonly use multivariate analyses (e.g. redundancy analysis, canonical correspondence analysis, Mantel correlation, multivariate analysis of variance) to interpret patterns in biological data and relate these patterns to environmental predictors. There has been, however, little recognition of the errors associated with biological data and the influence that these may have on predictions derived from ecological hypotheses. We present a permutational method that assesses the effects of taxonomic uncertainty on the multivariate analyses typically used in the analysis of ecological data. The procedure is based on iterative randomizations that randomly re-assign non identified species in each site to any of the other species found in the remaining sites. After each re-assignment of species identities, the multivariate method at stake is run and a parameter of interest is calculated. Consequently, one can estimate a range of plausible values for the parameter of interest under different scenarios of re-assigned species identities. We demonstrate the use of our approach in the calculation of two parameters with an example involving tropical tree species from western Amazonia: 1) the Mantel correlation between compositional similarity and environmental distances between pairs of sites, and; 2) the variance explained by environmental predictors in redundancy analysis (RDA). We also investigated the effects of increasing taxonomic uncertainty (i.e. number of unidentified species), and the taxonomic resolution at which morphospecies are determined (genus-resolution, family-resolution, or fully undetermined species) on the uncertainty range of these parameters. To achieve this, we performed simulations on a tree dataset from southern Mexico by randomly selecting a portion of the species contained in the dataset and classifying them as unidentified at each level of decreasing taxonomic resolution. An analysis of covariance showed that both taxonomic uncertainty and resolution significantly influence the uncertainty range of the resulting parameters. Increasing taxonomic uncertainty expands our uncertainty of the parameters estimated both in the Mantel test and RDA. The effects of increasing taxonomic resolution, however, are not as evident. The method presented in this study improves the traditional approaches to study compositional change in ecological communities by accounting for some of the uncertainty inherent to biological data. We hope that this approach can be routinely used to estimate any parameter of interest obtained from compositional data tables when faced with taxonomic uncertainty

Changes in spatial point patterns of pioneer woody plants across a large tropical landslide

We assessed whether the relative importance of positive and negative interactions in early successional communities varied across a large landslide on Casita Volcano (Nicaragua). We tested several hypotheses concerning the signatures of these processes in the spatial patterns of woody pioneer plants, as well as those of mortality and recruitment events, in several zones of the landslide differing in substrate stability and fertility, over a period of two years (2001 and 2002). We identified all woody individuals with a diameter >1 cm and mapped them in 28 plots measuring 10 × 10-m. On these maps, we performed a spatial point pattern analysis using univariate and bivariate pair-correlation functions; g (r) and g12 (r), and pairwise differences of univariate and bivariate functions. Spatial signatures of positive and negative interactions among woody plants were more prevalent in the most and least stressful zones of the landslide, respectively. Natural and human-induced disturbances such as the occurrence of fire, removal of newly colonizing plants through erosion and clearcutting of pioneer trees were also identified as potentially important pattern-creating processes. These results are in agreement with the stress-gradient hypothesis, which states that the relative importance of facilitation and competition varies inversely across gradients of abiotic stress. Our findings also indicate that the assembly of early successional plant communities in large heterogeneous landslides might be driven by a much larger array of processes than previously thought